Growing shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) on logs

A natural way to cultivate these flavourful and nutritious fungi


1. Preparation

Selecting Logs

  • Type of Wood: Shiitake mushrooms thrive on hardwoods such as oak, beech, sugar maple, sweetgum, and eucalyptus. Avoid softwoods like pine or cedar, as their resin inhibits fungal growth.
  • Log Size: Logs should be 1–1.2 meters long and 10–20 cm in diameter for easy handling.
  • Freshness: Use freshly cut logs (ideally within 1–2 weeks of felling) to ensure they retain moisture and are free of competing fungi.

Timing

  • Ideal inoculation time: Late winter to early spring (Southern Hemisphere: June–August) before tree buds break dormancy.

2. Inoculation

Tools and Materials

  • Shiitake Spawn: Purchase spawn in either sawdust or plug form.
  • Drill: Use a drill with a 12 mm bit to create inoculation holes.
  • Hammer or Inoculation Tool: For inserting spawn.
  • Wax: Beeswax or food-grade paraffin for sealing inoculation sites.
  • Heat Source: To melt the wax.

Process

  1. Drill Holes:
    • Space holes 10–15 cm apart along the length of the log in a staggered pattern, leaving about 5 cm between rows.
  2. Insert Spawn:
    • Fill each hole with shiitake spawn. For plug spawn, tap it into place with a hammer; for sawdust spawn, use an inoculation tool.
  3. Seal with Wax:
    • Melt wax and brush it over the filled holes to protect the spawn from pests, contamination, and moisture loss.

3. Incubation

Location

  • Place logs in a shaded, humid area with good airflow. Forest edges or under a shade cloth are ideal.

Stacking Logs

  • Stack logs in a crisscross "log cabin" style or lean them against a support in an A-frame structure. Ensure air circulation around each log.

Moisture Management

  • Logs must stay moist but not waterlogged. Water them during dry periods (2–3 times weekly) or after extended periods of no rain.
  • Avoid submerging for extended periods until ready for fruiting.

Incubation Period

  • Mycelium colonization takes 6–18 months, depending on conditions. You’ll see white mycelium under the bark when it's fully colonized.

4. Fruiting

Inducing Fruiting

  • After incubation, submerge the logs in cold water (10–15°C) for 24–48 hours to shock the mycelium into fruiting.
  • Fruiting typically occurs 7–14 days after soaking.

Harvesting

  • Harvest mushrooms when the caps are fully open but not flattened.
  • Twist gently or cut the stem close to the log to avoid damaging the mycelium.

5. Maintenance and Longevity

  • Rest Period: Allow logs to rest for 8–12 weeks between fruiting cycles.
  • Lifespan: Each log can produce mushrooms for 3–5 years, depending on log size and wood type.
  • Pests and Diseases: Monitor for slugs, rodents, or mold, and take measures to control them.

6. Benefits of Log Cultivation

  • Low Cost: Minimal initial investment after obtaining logs and spawn.
  • Sustainability: Uses renewable wood resources and produces little waste.
  • Quality: Home-grown shiitake mushrooms are fresher, tastier, and free of synthetic chemicals.

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